Add the chicken pieces to a saucepan and cover with the chicken broth. Bring to a gentle simmer over medium heat and cook for 12–15 minutes, until fully cooked through.
While the chicken poaches, steam the cubed sweet potato for 10–12 minutes, until fork-tender.
Transfer the poached chicken (reserving the poaching broth) and the steamed sweet potato to a blender. Add the cottage cheese and olive oil.
Blend on high speed, adding the reserved broth a few tablespoons at a time, starting with about 1 cup total, until completely smooth with no visible flecks.
Push the blended mixture through a fine mesh strainer into a bowl, using a rubber spatula to work it through.
Whisk in the protein powder, if using, along with salt to taste. Stir until fully dissolved, then serve warm.